Vietnam is Increasingly Attracting Capital from the US

 Vietnam is taking every opportunity to grow its economy and improve the living standard. This is not a vain dream since Vietnam has young and plentiful work force. That is why multinational companies wish to come and

 set up company in Vietnam.

The year 2015 marked the 40 years since the war end and the 20 years of normalized the relationship between Vietnam and the US. Vietnam began the process of innovation since 1986 but not until 1995, foreign investment in Vietnam began to flow in when the Government established formal diplomatic relations with the United States and joined the National Association of the South East Asia (ASEAN).

In recent years, foreign investment in Vietnam has accelerated. The Korean company is particularly excited with this market. Samsung Electronics is operating and building three plants at three locations – Ho Chi Minh City, Thai Nguyen and Bac Ninh. In total, this giant electronic corporation has poured more than USD 10 billion in Vietnam.

Vietnam is also expected soon to welcome a “wave” of investment from the US. The Procter & Gamble (P&G) – a consumer goods manufacturer is building a factory in Binh Duong with the cost of 100 million USD. The plant will produce Gillette razors.

    

Moreover, other big names come from the US that are expanding operations in Vietnam are Starbucks and McDonald’s. They opened their first store here in December 2013 and February 2014.

There are a number of factors that make foreign investment in Vietnam explode. One of the most important reasons is the low labor cost. Labor cost hikes in China are the reason why many multinational manufacturers turned their attention to Vietnam where the cost is 50% cheaper. Besides, the purchasing power of Vietnam consumer is increasing, inflation has been curbed and many easing regulations to boost growth are also the reason why continuous investments are poured tin..

However, the biggest attraction for most foreign investors is the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP) about free trade in which Vietnam is one of 12 countries that participate in negotiations. In mid of this year, General Secretary of Vietnam, Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong will visit the United States. TPP agreement will be the main topic of the conversation with the US officials. If the two countries can reach an agreement, the US will become even more important partner of Vietnam’s economy in the future.

In a press conference in HCM city in January 2015, US Ambassador in Vietnam – Mr. Ted Osius was upbeat about the impact of the TPP to Vietnam economy and the US investment here. TPP agreement “will allow the US to become the number one investor and trading partner of Vietnam” he said.

In about 4.5 million Vietnamese living overseas, about 2 million are living in the US. In particular, many people have made a name in the business world. They are Mr. Henry Nguyen – who brought McDonald’s to Vietnam and Mr. David Thai – founder of Highlands coffee chain.

According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam, approximately 180,000 companies in the United States are owned by Vietnamese, achieved a total revenue of 20 billion USD. Strengthening ties between the two countries could stimulate greater cash flow stream across the Pacific.

The Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam is estimated to spend 500 billion USD in over 10 years to develop the infrastructure necessary for sustainable growth. However, Vietnam can only able to meet 40% of the above figure, through the Government budget, ODA and private capitals.

That is why the Government wants to attract FDI. The Vietnam Government has set a target to create an industrial economy by 2020. Six priority areas are agriculture, forestry and fisheries processing, agricultural machinery, electronics, shipbuilding, environmental and energy saving, automobile production.

The transition from growth based on FDI into industrial-based growth can be rather difficult. However, Vietnam has shown it is serious and is still on track.

Finding the right business partner in Vietnam is also important. We recommend doing research on the reputation of the company and individual shareholders, corporate or individual, gathering publicly available company information, and performing background checks on key personnel to find potential risks in cooperation. Working with a reliable partner can help achieve economic benefits, saving time and money in business.

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Visit to Vietnam of the British Prime Minister

 British Prime Minister Mr. David Cameron visited Vietnam in two days 29 – 30th July 2015, promoting British companies to seek business venture in Vietnam.

Mr Cameron visit Vietnam to discuss measures and orientations to further deepen the strategic partnership between UK and Vietnam, which was established since 2010. Among the Southeast Asian countries that the British Prime Minister visits this time, Vietnam is the only country that Mr. Cameroon visits both two big cities Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

British Prime Minister, Vietnam Prime Minister, General Director of Vietnam Airlines Mr. Pham Ngoc Minh and President of Rolls-Royce Mr. Tony Wood come to visit the Airbus 350 at Noi Bai International Airport. The two Prime Ministers witnessed the signing of cooperation agreement between Vietnam Airlines and Rolls Royce Group for aircraft engine maintenance according to flight times for 14 A350 XWB aircrafts, worth 340 million pounds.

Prime Minister Mr. Nguyen Tan Dung affirmed that the UK is an important and leading economic partner of Vietnam in Europe and worldwide. The two sides agreed that economic, trade and investment cooperation is the priority pillar in bilateral relations and promotes sign free trade agreement (FTA) between Vietnam and the EU this year. British Prime Minister Cameron stressed that UK is looking for better ways to promote cooperation with Vietnam, while Vietnam is predicted to become one of the 10 fastest growing economies in the region in the next 10 years. Prime Minister Cameron announced offer preferential loans to Vietnam worth 500 million Pounds to invest in infrastructure. This agreement also creates conditions for British businesses to strengthen operations in Vietnam.

Talking to the Vietnam General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, Mr. Cameron insisted that UK considers Vietnam as an important partner in the region and will endeavor to implement their commitments to Vietnam in the priority areas in the spirit of the Joint Declaration the Strategic Partnership between the two countries.

Mr. Cameron also meets leaders of Ho Chi Minh City and attends the business forum.

Mr. Cameron expressed his delight when returning to Vietnam for the first time as Prime Minister. Twenty years ago, he had visited Vietnam as a tourist.

Finding the right business partner in Vietnam is also important. We recommend doing research on the reputation of the company and individual shareholders, corporate or individual, gathering publicly available company information, and performing background checks on key personnel to find potential risks in cooperation. Working with a reliable partner can help achieve economic benefits, saving time and money in business.

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RCEP Helps Vietnam Accelerate Investment Attraction

 Together with ASEAN countries, Vietnam absolutely have the opportunity to become a hub to attract foreign investment in Vietnam, especially from countries participating in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

Finally, the RCEP was signed after 8 years of negotiations. Although it still has to wait a while for the 15 member countries, including 10 ASEAN member countries and 5 partners (including China, Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand) to approve, the assessment of the impact of the RCEP on the Vietnamese economy has been repeatedly confirmed.

The rules of origin procedures in RCEP bring significant advantages to Vietnam, whose economy is heavily dependent on imported materials. Vietnam is having a large trade deficit from Korea, China on raw materials for export production and it is always difficult for the origin of goods when exporting to many major markets around the world.

With RCEP, it is reported that Vietnamese enterprises can more easily access raw materials from member countries to produce export goods. For example, it is possible to import electronic chips from Japan and Korea; imported raw materials for textile and leather from China, then produced domestically and exported to other countries, at the same time satisfying the rules of origin within the bloc to take advantage of tariff preferences.

Not only with Vietnam, experts also agreed that RCEP is a favorable opportunity for all countries to participate in restructuring, repositioning supply chains and participating in global value chains. With RCEP, ASEAN is hoping to become the center of the global production chain. If we can do that, the chances for Vietnam are not small.

Vietnam has the opportunity to reshape and better exploit new positions, thereby building up a position in the global supply chain map. Of course, there will be an opportunity to attract investment. RCEP can help Vietnamese companies expand their markets, join regional supply chains and attract foreign investment.

Among the remaining 14 RCEP member countries, most are major investment partners of Vietnam. Even in the list of 10 countries and territories with large investment in Vietnam, there are 6 partners from RCEP. In which, the largest is Korea (70.38 billion USD), followed by Japan (59.89 billion USD), Singapore (55.7 billion USD), China (18 billion USD), Malaysia (12.8 billion USD), Thailand (12.5 billion USD).

Even without RCEP, foreign investment capital from these countries is still pouring into Vietnam, especially when Vietnam is the focus of attention of international investors, when investment flows are changing during Covid-19 period.

Currently, China, Japan, Korea and even Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia are speeding up investment abroad to expand production and supply chains. Vietnam is a safe and attractive destination. The opportunity to speed up investment attraction from RCEP member countries will be greater for Vietnam, especially when Vietnam is building many outstanding mechanisms and policies to catch the shifting investment inflows.

But with RCEP, the story is not just the investments between RCEP members. The prosperity, large market size of the RCEP bloc will also make it become the focus of global investors.

When proposing to negotiate RCEP, ASEAN countries also want to create a favorable environment to connect economies, creating opportunities for enhancing production capacity towards the goal of building ASEAN into a dynamic and unique economic region in terms of production and market.

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The Wave of New Technology Companies Wants to Choose Vietnam as The Destination

 After the wave of technology companies pouring capital into Vietnam 10 years ago, there seems to be a wave of new technology companies wanting to choose Vietnam as their destination.

Last weekend, LG (Korea) went to Dong Nai to seek investment opportunities in items related to digital transformation and building smart cities in this province. According to representatives of LG, the Group is cooperating with a number of major corporations in the world to produce and supply 4.0 technology to deploy large smart city projects for some countries around the world.

Dong Nai is implementing smart city project, so LG Group wants to participate in some categories, such as smart industrial parks, smart transportation, smart health care, smart factories, smart logistics… Funding to implement a smart city is about 15,000 – 20,000 billion VND.

Even as LG, after making its mark with the production complex of electronics, home electronics in Hai Phong (including 3 factories LG Electronics, LG Display, LG Innotek), at the end of last year, also set the ambition to make Da Nang become the Group’s information technology research and development (R&D) center in Vietnam. And now, although the information is not very specific, there is also a new investment direction.

The fact that Vietnam is promoting digital transformation has also attracted special attention from Taiwanese businesses. According to PwC’s research has just been published, the importance of Vietnam for Taiwanese businesses has increased from 18% in 2018 to 24% by the end of 2020 and ranked 4th, after the US, Japan and China.

According to Taiwanese PwC, the fact that the Vietnamese Government is actively focusing on promoting digital transformation will almost be a free ‘preferential’ policy for all foreign businesses to invest in Vietnam. Because, the impact of digital transformation not only helps reduce production costs, but also promotes efficiency and business performance here.

About 2 weeks ago, the leaders of Bac Giang province had a meeting to discuss with departments and branches to push up the clearance progress of Quang Chau Industrial Park (Viet Yen, Bac Giang). This industrial park has a total area of 426 hectares, but currently only 336 hectares have been cleared ground, the remaining 90 hectares have not.

Under the direction of the Vice Chairman of Bac Giang Provincial People’s Committee, the People’s Committee of Viet Yen district must focus highly on the work of site clearance for the remaining area, ensure early handover to the investor, even consider this is the top priority task.

It is easy to understand why Bac Giang province is so impatient. Provincial leaders want to soon hand over the entire premises of this project so that they can “welcome strategic investors”. The details have not been disclosed, but it is most likely related to the Foxconn Group’s investment expansion project that is about to be deployed in this industrial park. And most likely, this is the project that has been mentioned for a long time – 270 million USD, producing smart TV for a famous brand.

Meanwhile, Luxshare Group, after investing in building a factory in Van Trung Industrial Park, is also implementing another project in this industrial park, with an investment of 190 million USD. According to Luxshare-ICT Van Trung General Director, this new factory specializes in manufacturing all kinds of wireless headsets (bluetooth), smartwatches and bluetooth speakers.

In addition to the factories in Bac Giang, Luxshare is also in the process of expanding its investment in a factory in Nghe An. Meanwhile, Wistron Group has invested 273 million USD project in Ha Nam, while Pegatron Group has invested 2 projects 500 million USD in Hai Phong.

Looking at this angle, it seems that there is a next wave of investment in the high-tech sector pouring into Vietnam. In a report titled “Rising Star: The Role of Vietnam in Transforming Supply Chains in Asia”, according to Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Vietnam is still an interesting option for manufacturing operations and those looking to diversify supply chains in Asia.

According to the EIU, high-tech manufacturers will continue to receive incentives for many years to come and that is an advantage, so that along with other advantages, for example joining many trade agreements, Vietnam will become “a very convenient alternative name for a part of Chinese production”.

Finding the right business partner in Vietnam is also important. We recommend doing research on the reputation of the company and individual shareholders, corporate or individual, gathering publicly available company information, and performing background checks on key personnel to find potential risks in cooperation. Working with a reliable partner can help achieve economic benefits, saving time and money in business.

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Open for Private Investment in Vietnam Railways

The revised Railway Law has just been passed by the National Assembly will create attraction for investors to set up company in Vietnam to invest in infrastructure and railway projects.

The revised Railway Law has just been passed by the National Assembly and is expected to come into force on July 1st 2018 with many preferential mechanisms that will create attraction for investors to invest in infrastructure and railway projects.

Up to now, Lotte E&C (Korea) is the most zealous foreign investor in the Yen Vien – Lao Cai Railway Upgrading Project and the project to build railway connecting Lao Cai – Ha Khau in the form of PPP. Previously, in mid-February 2017, a preliminary study including investment plan, capital size and project repayment capacity was submitted by the Korean investor to the Ministry of Transport. In addition to the proposal to apply the form of build – lease – transfer (BLT), Lotte also wants to receive some incentives during the implementation of the project.

It is known that with the type of BLT contract, Lotte will invest capital to build infrastructure. Upon completion, the investor is entitled to provide services on the basis of operating that facility in a determined period of 20 years. The competent state agency shall hire the service and pay to the investor, when expired, the investor shall return the facility to the competent State authority for management and use.

Moreover, the Railway Law (amended) has added a number of provisions, which are considered to be the great drive for the railway sector. Specifically, the rail transport business is defined as the industry that is entitled to investment incentives; Organizations and individuals engaged in railway activities shall be entitled to incentives and supports such as free land use fees for land area for infrastructure construction, the highest incentives level for enterprise income tax rate, enjoy the most preferential credit policy; applying the pricing mechanism for the mode of leasing or transferring the right to exploit railway infrastructure.

These regulations will create breakthroughs in investment resources, attracting businesses to concentrate resources on railway development, in fact many countries have similar policies.

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How to establish company in Vietnam?

Foreign investors may invest in the form of 100% capital to establish company in Vietnam, being limited liability company, joint stock company, partnership company.

Foreign investors that invest in Vietnam for the first time must have investment projects and fill in investment registration or examination procedures at state agencies in charge of investment in order to be granted investment registration certificates. Investment certificates shall concurrently be business registration certificates. Company with 100% foreign capital has founded and operated from the date of issuance of the investment certificate.

A project dossier for establishing company in Vietnam shall comprise:

-Registration/Request for issuance of Investment Certificate;

-A report on financial capability of the investor;

-Draft of the company’s charter;

-List of members of company;

-Copy of the people’s identity card, passport or other lawful personal certification, for individual members;

-Copy of the establishment decision, business registration certificate or other equivalent document, for member organizations;

-Copies of the authorization document, the people’s identity card, passport or other lawful personal certification, for authorized representatives.

-Copies of the business registration certificates of the foreign member organizations must be authenticated within three months before the date of submission of the business registration dossier by agencies where such organizations are registered;

-Written authorization of the investor in case investor is organization and valid copy of the lawful personal certification of the authorized representative. Documents in foreign languages must be translated into Vietnamese, notarized and legalized;

-The joint-venture contract or Business Cooperation Contract (BCC);

-Other documents required by Vietnam law.

The establishment of a company in Vietnam would take from 30 days. The extra time might be needed in case the investment area is conditional or the State government needs to examine the investment project. Minimum capital, special licenses or other conditions might be required in certain investment projects.

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Plan to Simplify Regulations on Telecom, Gaming, Internet Service

In the process of economic integration and development, in order to create favorable conditions for business and service sectors under the management of the Ministry of Information and Communications, Vietnam has approved the plan to reduce and simplify regulations a number of regulations under its control.

Accordingly, Decision No. 1994/QD-TTg agreed to reduce and simplify regulations related to business lines: Provision of pay radio and television services; Provide G1, G2, G3, G4 video games online; Newspapers; Telecommunications service business; publisher’s activities; Business in printing services, except for packaging printing; Publishing services business; Postal services; Information Technology; Science and technology; Domain name registration and maintenance services; Internet; Network information security products and services in Vietnam. It is important for the company operating in the areas of concern to consult with telecom, internet business, media lawyers to follow up with specific changes in law in Vietnam.

These are industries with fast-growing trends and have a strong impact on other industries as well as on the overall economic development. Therefore, the facilitation and restriction of procedures will contribute to attracting foreign investment and creating development motivation for businesses, quickly catching up with the rapid changes of services, improving the quality of services and improving the quality of services information and communication products.

Accordingly, on procedures for granting certificates of eligibility to provide public electronic game services, for the application components “Plan for the location of the computer room of the public video game service point suitable according to the prescribed area” and “Pay the fee for the issuance of the Certificate of eligibility to operate the point of supply providing public video game services” were abolished. Especially, it is subject to change immediately after the time of licensing. Therefore, the information of the location of the machine room option at the time of consideration for licensing is of little significance. Besides, the Decision also mentions supplementing the form of implementing administrative procedures on electronic means (changing the form of paper copies into electronic ones) to be flexible and ensure consistency with the Enterprise Law 2020 in the implementation for businesses.

The decision also abolishes administrative procedures for granting licenses to provide G1, G2, G3, G4 video game services online. According to the plan, many procedures with G1 online game service will be abolished such as: licensing procedures; license re-issuance; license renewal or procedures for amending and supplementing the license to provide G1 video game services on the internet… This is a meaningful abolition decision for the practice of licensing video games. Because, it is challenging for state agencies to request enterprises to apply for permits and report every time they change their business plans, affecting the autonomy of enterprises as well as creating huge inadequacies in terms of business administrative procedures.

In addition, business conditions: “The publisher’s office has an appropriate area, meets the provisions of the law on standards and norms for using the office” has been simplified to ” having an office that meets the provisions of law on standards and norms for using the office”. This change is reasonable, because the criterion of suitable area has no basis for explanation. Moreover, the area of ​​the publisher’s headquarters is not related to the management of the State. With the new regulations, publishers can be autonomous in choosing the right area, ensuring space for business activities. At the same time, the Decision also combines two administrative procedures including re-issuance and renewal of licenses for printing and publishing publications into one administrative procedure, limiting cumbersome procedures, saving time and costs for businesses.

In addition, in the field of publication distribution service business, the Decision simplifies the process of granting certificates of registration for publishing and publishing electronic publications in the direction of only performing the verification process determining the project of publishing and distributing electronic publications. Therefore, if the project is eligible and accepted, the enterprise will be granted a certificate of operation registration immediately.

According to the simplified version of the Decision, the Postal Business Registration Certificate and the Postal Investment Certificate in Vietnam will be merged into the Business Registration Certificate.

Therefore, the introduction of Decision No. 1994/QD-TTg has reduced and simplified procedures; help the process of preparing documents quickly; save time for organizations and individuals when carrying out administrative procedures and minimize the cost of administrative compliance.

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Why foreign company should undertake policy and regulatory research before entering Vietnam market?

Currently, with Vietnam’s investment attraction policies, annual foreign direct investment (FDI) into Vietnam is constantly increasing, after Covid time. According to the report on foreign direct investment in nine months of 2021 of the Ministry of Planning and Investment, as of September 20th, 2021, the total newly registered capital, adjusted and contributed capital to buy shares, purchase capital contribution (GVMCP) of foreign investors reached 22.15 billion USD, up 4.4% over the same period last year 2020. Realized capital of foreign investment projects is estimated at 13.28 billion USD, down 3.5% over the same period in 2020.

However, when entering a new market, especially the business environment of a developing country like Vietnam, foreign company always have to be cautious and should undertake research investment environment and target company for M&A, or business cooperation carefully. Besides socio-cultural factors, the differences in political and legal factors are important issues. In particular, it is really necessary to study policies and legal regulations before investing in order to mitigate risks when operating in the Vietnam market.

Each country has its own policies and independent legal system to manage domestic company as well as foreign company. Therefore, when foreign investors wish to invest in Vietnam, they need to learn about legal policies that affect their expected business activities. Specifically, through the study of laws, economic policies… investors will identify constraints as well as incentives for their expected type of investment. Foreign investors will have more proactive preparation steps and have a basis to consider the benefits and potential risks when making an investment in Vietnam.

Firstly, on the legal system related to investment activities, Vietnam has a fairly complete but complex regulatory legal system. Due to too many types of legal documents being issued, overlapping, inconsistent and inconsistent jurisdictions are quite difficult obstacles for foreign investors when penetrating the Vietnamese market. Therefore, studying the regulatory is necessary and really a big challenge for foreign investors.

Specifically, for the investment, Vietnam law only allows foreign investors to do business in a number of industries that satisfy market access conditions. Therefore, foreign investors need to learn specific regulations on conditions of establishment, capital contribution, capital contribution ratio, etc. to have a plan to prepare capital, and to choose the type of investment in accordance with the regulations of Vietnam law and expected investment scale.

In addition, foreign investors also need to learn about the regulations on the organization of different types of businesses in Vietnam. It will be the basis for foreign investors to determine the level of capital contribution, rights and obligations when participating in investment. From there, foreign investors will have reasonable considerations and considerations in line with the investment plan, avoiding passive situations or the establishment and capital contribution not achieving the set goals before investing.

Second, about policies for foreign investors, investors need to study policies related to tax i.e. corporate income tax rates, tax rates for personal income taxes, and policies. avoid double taxation between Vietnam and other countries in order to comply with tax obligations and ensure its interests in the process of conducting investment in Vietnam.

Furthermore, to ensure cash flow transactions, foreign investors need to have an understanding of Vietnam’s foreign exchange policy. Understanding the bank’s foreign currency buying and selling policies will help foreign investors flexible in implementing project activities. Policies and regulatory understanding in international bidding or bidding or goods or service supply service for state owned company are also matter of concern. Labor policy is also an information that foreign investors need to know to ensure that the recruitment and payment of salaries and benefits are consistent with the policies of the state. Economic and financial policies are regulated by the State in each period such as policy on funding or lending capital, tax policy of the State, economic policy on foreign relations, foreign policy.

Policies, laws and politics have a great influence on investment activities in Vietnam. Through legislation, the state institutionalizes economic undertakings and policies into law, with provisions that are universally binding for all business activities. The legal regulations and policies related to foreign investors in Vietnam are very complicated and changing over different periods. Therefore, before investing in Vietnam, investors need to learn, check the information and the authenticity of the information collected to ensure the authenticity and validity of those regulations and policies.

Finding the right business partner in Vietnam is also important. We recommend doing research on the reputation of the company and individual shareholders, corporate or individual, gathering publicly available company information, and performing background checks on key personnel to find potential risks in cooperation. Working with a reliable partner can help achieve economic benefits, saving time and money in business.

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What Are Regulations on Debt Trading Contracts in Vietnam?

Along with the development of socio-economic activities, right to collect debt has become an asset right, hence its transferability is also recognized. Vietnam law recognizes debt as a commodity that can be traded through a debt trading contract. However, in order for the debt trading contract to be legally valid and ensure the rights and obligations are enforced, the parties need to pay attention to the provisions on the debt trading contract.

Firstly, in terms of the right to enter into a debt trading contract, according to the provisions of the Civil Code on the sale and purchase of property rights, the property right is the right to claim debt in Vietnam. Accordingly, the right to recover debt becomes the subject of a contract that the parties can transfer as if it were a special type of property. In addition, the debt trading contract aims to transfer ownership of the right of debt recovery and at the same time transfer the debt seller’s obligations to the debt purchaser. This is a transaction that does not affect the interests of the debtor totally. Therefore, the transfer of the right to demand does not require the consent of the obligor, whereby the parties can enter into a debt trading contract without the consent of the debtor.

Secondly, in terms of the form of the debt trading contract, based on the provisions of law prescribing debt trading contract by credit institutions and foreign bank branches, debt trading contract is a written agreement on the transfer of the right to collect debt for a debt arising from a lending operation, payment on behalf of the guarantee, whereby the debt seller transfers ownership of the debt to the debt purchaser and receives payment from the debt purchaser. Therefore, the debt trading contract must be made as a written document.

Furthermore, the debt trading contract must be signed by the legal representative or the authorized representative of the debt purchase and sale parties. Therefore, according to this provision, the debt trading contract does not require the parties to be notarized or authenticated. If necessary, the parties can agree on the notarization or authentication of the debt trading contract. In addition, the parties can make an agreement that the contract can be made in a foreign language and the parties need to consent on which language of the contract will be used in case of a dispute arisen. In addition, in case the debt purchaser and debt seller are organizations with legal status, in addition to the legal representative to sign, the contract needs to be stamped. These are strict regulations on the established form to ensure the legality of the contract’s form.

Thirdly, when drafting a debt trading contract, it must contains the following principal contents: (i) Time for signing the debt trading contract; (ii) Names and addresses of the parties to the debt trading contract; (iii) Name and title of the representative of the parties to the debt trading contract; (iv) Name and address of the debtor and related parties (if any) to the purchased or sold debt; (v) Details of debt purchased and sold: Loan amount, loan period, purpose, book value of the debt up to the time of debt purchase and sale; (vi) Security measures for the debtor’s payment obligation for the purchased or sold debt (if any); (vii) Debt selling price, payment method, payment term; (viii) Time, method and procedures for transferring debt documents and records, including dossiers and documents on debt security (if any); The time the debt purchaser becomes the subrogator, the debt seller has obligations; (ix) Rights and obligations of debt sellers and debt buyers; (x) Liability of the parties for breach of contract; (xi) Settlement of arising disputes. These are the basic and mandatory contents of a debt trading contract. In addition, the parties can make agree on other contents in the debt trading contract that are not contrary to the provisions of the laws.

In addition, during the implementation of the debt trading contract, the law allows the parties to agree to amend, supplement or cancel the content of the debt trading contract. However, the decision to amend, supplement or cancel must be based on ensuring compliance with the provisions of law.

Therefore, the establishment of a debt trading contract in Vietnam is basically the same as other property rights transfer transactions. However, debt is a special object of property rights, therefore the parties need to strictly comply with the provisions of law on the content and form of the contract to ensure the legality of the contract as well as the rights and obligations of the parties. It is suggested to engage lawyers with specialization in debt recovery and dispute resolution to assist drafting or reviewing debt trading contract for its effective usage.

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What Procedures an Enterprise Complies on Publishing Business Information?

Provisions on announcing of business information are stipulated in the Law on Enterprise and other decrees which company has to comply as part of compliance procedures.

After being granted an enterprise registration certificate, under the Enterprise Law, an enterprise must publicly announce it on the National Business Registration Portal according to the order, procedures and pay fees as required. The application for publication of enterprise registration information is a compulsory procedure, made at the time an enterprise submits its enterprise registration dossier. Information about publication of enterprise registration information is posted on the National Business Registration Portal. The content to be published includes the contents on the enterprise registration certificate and the lines of business. In addition, for joint stock companies with foreign investors, a list of founding shareholders and foreign investors is required. In case of changes in enterprise registration contents, the corresponding changes must be publicly announced on the National Business Registration Portal.

Provisions on form, time and content of announcement are different from those in the Law on Enterprise, specifically, within a period of thirty days from the date of being granted an enterprise registration certificate, an enterprise must publish information in one of the forms posted on the business information network of the business registration agency or one of the written or electronic newspapers in three consecutive issues. The main content to be published includes: Company’s name; Address of the head office of the enterprise, branch or representative office; Lines of business; Charter capital of limited liability company and partnership company; number of shares and value of contributed capital and number of shares to be issued with joint stock company; initial investment capital for private enterprises; legal capital for enterprises conducting lines of business requiring legal capital; Full name, address, nationality, ID card number, passport or other legal personal identification number, establishment decision number or business registration code of the owner, member or shareholder foundation; Full name, permanent address, nationality, ID card number, passport number or other legal personal identification of the legal representative of the enterprise; Place of business registration.

For publication fees, according to the provisions of Circular no. 47/2019/TT-BTC stipulating the rates, collection, payment, management and use of information provision charges of enterprise information that takes effect from the date of On September 20, 2019, the enterprise registration fee and the enterprise registration content announcement fee are VND 100,000/time, instead of the VND 300,000/time as stipulated in Circular no. 215/2016/TT-BTC regulating the rates, collection, remittance, management and use of charges for provision of enterprise information and enterprise registration fees.

In addition, there are some enterprises that do not need to publish their business information on the National Business Registration Portal before going into operation, but make other forms of announcement. For example, for a law-practicing organization, within thirty days after being granted operation registration papers, law-practicing organizations must publish on daily newspapers of central or local registry of law practice or newspaper for three consecutive issues. For credit institutions, foreign bank branches, representative offices of foreign credit institutions and other foreign institutions engaged in banking activities, they must be published on the State Bank’s media, and in a daily newspaper written in 03 consecutive issues or an electronic newspaper of Vietnam at least thirty days prior to the scheduled date of operation of opening information as prescribed in Article 25 of the Law on Credit Institutions 2010.

In addition to disclosing corporate information, there is also a procedure for disclosure of information on the stock market that is applicable to public companies and bond issuers (except for government bond issuers and bonds), government-guaranteed bonds and local government bonds), securities companies, fund management companies, branches of foreign fund management companies in Vietnam, public funds. These companies and organizations must comply with the law on securities in the Securities Law announcing on the company’s website and information disclosure system of the State Securities Commission.

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Which Authority Approves Business Setting up in Vietnam?

Investment projects in Vietnam could be evaluated and approved for business setting up at top level of the government, at ministerial levels or at the provincial levels.

The licensing authorities for business setting up in Vietnam has been divided to distribute workloads at different state agencies with aim to speed up the process and attract more quality investment projects in Vietnam.

In practice, the process for establishing companies or executing investment projects in Vietnam would take from one month for simple project, three to six month for areas categorized under conditional investment areas, requiring sub-licenses, or additional time for more complicated projects. At the provincial levels, there might be inconsistency between cities and provinces due to different interpretation of laws. For investment project with difficulty to manage, the provincial levels would need to consult with technical department of central government agencies, as such the time taken to process the investment certificate would be lengthen.

Understanding the mechanism and the work division of Vietnam authorities that evaluate and approve business licensing at different government agencies would help foreign investors to smoothen the process and improve their experience in Vietnam.

It is notable that, the government level will be focusing on significant projects, in special area at large investment capital with impact on social economic situations. Most of the investment licensing procedures will be carried out at the provincial levels where the investment projects exist.

The following will point out directions for foreigners to approach respective agencies based on the particular area of interests, scale, and nature of the investment. However, to avoid delay and increase effectiveness, it is advisable that the foreign clients would consult with Vietnam law firms to help advise and represent them in preparing and executing the investment in Vietnam.

I. Projects evaluated and granted investment licensing at government level

Depending on the business nature, industry sector, investment scale, and investment policy, the Vietnam Prime Minister, on behalf of the government will evaluate and approve investment licensing for setting up business.

1. The investment project in Vietnam the government will evaluate and approve regardless of funding, the scale of investment are in the following areas:

a) Development and commercialization of airports and air transport;

b) Development and commercialization of national port;

c) Exploration, mining and processing of oil and gas; exploration and exploitation of minerals;

d) Radio, television;

e) Casino;

f) Production of cigarettes;

g) Establishment of university level educational institute;

h) Establishment of industrial zones, export processing zones, high-tech zones and economic zones.

2. Although investment projects which do not fall under the cases listed above, but the government of Vietnam also evaluates and approves investment project with investment capital of VND 1,500 billion (around USD 75 mil) upwards regardless of funding and in the following areas:

a) Sales of electricity, mineral processing, metallurgical;

b) Construction of railway infrastructure, roads, inland waterways;

c) Production, sales of wine and beer.

3. Further, the government of Vietnam also evaluates and approve investment projects with foreign investment in the following areas:

a) Maritime transport;

b) Establishment of networks and provision of postal services, courier, telecommunication and internet; network setup and signal transmission;

c) Printing and distribution of newspapers; publication;

d) Establishment of independent scientific research.

4. Where the investment projects specified in the above cases are in the plan which the Prime Minister has approved or authorized other agencies to approve, and that the investment projects meet the conditions prescribed by law and treaties to which Vietnam Nam is a member, the agency granted investment certificates perform the procedure for issuance of investment certificates is not required to submit to the Prime Minister to decide on the investment policy.

5. Where the investment projects specified in the above case is not in the plan which has been approved by the Vietnam Prime Minister or authorized other agency to approve, and that the projects do not meet the conditions for market access provisions in international treaties which Vietnam is a member, the agency granted investment certificates shall consult with other of relevant industries and submit to the Prime Minister for investment policy decision.

II. Projects evaluated and granted investment licensing at ministerial level

1. The Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment shall evaluate and approve licensing for investment projects in the form of BOT, BTO, BT.

2. Other ministries will be evaluating and granting license for investment in some sectors.

a.Vietnam Ministry of Commerce and Industry shall evaluate and approve licensing for investment project in oil and gas sector;

b. Vietnam State Bank shall grant licensing for financial institutions;

c. Vietnam Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for issuing license for investment project of insurance business.

III. Projects evaluated and granted investment licensing at provincial levels

1. Department of Planning and Investment shall be the single point of contact that receive the application and evaluate the investment plan of the foreign investors wishing to establish business in Vietnam for projects

a. Outside of Industrial Zone, Industrial Processing Zone;

b. Infrastructure development project for Industrial Zone, Industrial Processing Zone which management board of industrial zone and industrial processing zone are not yet established.

2. The management board of Industrial Zone, and Industrial Processing Zone:

a. For investment projects within the Industrial Zone, and Industrial Processing Zone which are not under the authority of the Prime Minister;

b. Infrastructure development project to for industrial zone and industrial processing zone.

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How to Transfer Shares in a Joint Stock Company?

According to Vietnam law, joint stock company is one form of typical company types in Vietnam. For a joint stock company to be set-up, there should be at least three shareholders. In the joint stock company, the charter capital is divided into equal parts called shares. Shareholders have the right to freely transfer their shares to others, but there will be some certain restrictions.

Within three years from the establishment of the company and the issuance date of the Certificate of Enterprise Registration, the ordinary shares of founding shareholders may be transferred to other founding shareholders and may only be transferred to a person that is not a founding shareholder if the transfer is accepted by the General Meeting of Shareholders. In this case, the transferor does not have the right to vote on this transfer. In addition, if the company’s charter has provisions restricting the transfer of shares, the transfer of shareholders must also comply with the provisions of the Charter and these regulations will only applicable if they are written in the certificates of the shares subject to restriction.

The transfer of shares is usually made by the parties by contract or transaction on the securities market. In case of transfer under a contract, the documents shall bear the signatures of the transferor and the transferee or their authorized representatives. In case shares are transferred on the securities market, the transfer procedures prescribed by securities laws shall apply.

Shareholders of a joint-stock company have the right to donate part or all of their shares in the company to other individuals or organizations; use shares to pay off debt. At that time, individuals and organizations that are given or received the donation or debt payment will become a shareholder of the company. However, they will only become shareholders of the company from the time their information is fully recorded in the register of shareholders.

In case of the death of a shareholder that is an individual, his/her heir at law or designated by a will shall become a shareholder of the company. If such shareholder dies without an heir or the heir refuses the inheritance or is disinherited, his/her shares shall be settled in accordance with civil laws.

The last point to pay attention is when there is a share transfer event, the company shall register the changes of shareholders in the shareholder register as requested by relevant shareholders within 24 hours after the request is received.

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Rights Shareholder Holds in Joint Stock Company

Shareholders are individual or organization that owns at least one share of the joint-stock company and also are owner of the joint-stock company. Along with these roles, their interests are tied to business operations although they may not directly manage the day-to-day company affairs. In order to implement governance, the powers and responsibilities of each interest group such as shareholders, the board of directors, managerial personnel, etc. should be assigned based on the statutory principles and procedures.

According to the regulations on shareholders in the Law on Enterprise 2020, the rights of shareholders can be categorized into the following groups: economic rights, governance rights, information rights, and litigation rights.

Economic rights

Economic right is the right to gain all pecuniary interest with respect to the shares. The purpose of starting a business or investing in securities comes mainly from earning income or gaining profits. Economic rights accordingly include:

-Right to entitlement to dividends

-Right to transfer ownership

-Priority right to acquire the newly issued shares

-Right to entitlement to a portion of the assets after dissolution or bankrupt

-Appraisal Right

Among these above rights, right to entitlement to dividends and right to transfer ownership are the fundamental economic rights of a shareholder.

Dividend of common shares is determined according to the realized net profit and the dividend payment from the company’s retained earnings. Despite right to entitlement to dividends, shareholders are still subject to a number of limitations in law and in fact. Dividend entitlement is determined by the General Meeting of Shareholders based on the recommendation of the Board of Directors, after the company has fulfilled tax obligations and other financial obligations, contributed to reserve fund, paid for previous losses and met the solvency for all due debts and other property obligations. Dividend is not required to be distributed annually. Depending on the business situation, the General Meeting of Shareholders may decide to retain profits for reinvestment.

Besides dividend entitlement from the company’s operating results, shareholders can also gain profits by share transfer. This kind of investment is popular with respect of shares or securities of public companies, investors do not aim for corporate governance rights as well as dividend, they intend to earn benefits by the difference of the market values of stocks, especially when the stock value increases.

Governance rights

Modern corporate governance has two principles, one is to separate ownership and governance and to separate governance and management. It means that the major shareholders should not hold senior managerial positions in the company and Chairperson of the Board of Directors should not be assigned to other senior managerial positions such as General Director and/or Director.

Shareholders may be an individual or organization which they have their own different interests, goals and abilities. The separation between ownership and management makes the situation of whom the owner is and how the share get transferred not to affect the business operation. In the meantime, the separation helps gather professional managers to implement target intended by the company. According to the laws, members of the Board of Directors of a public company concurrently holding several executive titles must be reduced to the minimum to ensure the independence of the Board of Directors, specially the Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall not be the Director/General Director in a public company as of August 1st, 2020. There are no similar rules applicable to joint stock companies which are not public company.

Attendance, speaking and voting at General Meeting of Shareholders are fundamental in governance right of common shareholders, applicable to all shareholders holding at least one share. ty. In principle, being a shareholder who holds shares of the company regardless of the number has equal rights to attend and vote at the General Meeting of Shareholders. By the General Meeting of Shareholders, the shareholders holding a certain number of shares can impact decisions on some matters such as election, dismissal, and removal of members of the Board of Directors and Controllers, amendment and supplementation of internal documents, major transactions, and others as stipulated in law on enterprise or charter. In addition to the above rights, the majority shareholders also have a number of other rights related to governance as follows:

The shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 5% of the total number of common shares (charter may require a smaller percentage) is entitled to:

-Call a General Meeting of Shareholders

-Request Board of Controllers to inspect each specific matter relating to management, governance of company affairs if necessary

-Recommend matters to be included in agenda of General Meeting of Shareholders

-The shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 10% of the total number of common shares (charter may require a smaller percentage) is entitled to nominate candidates for the Board of Directors, Board of Controllers

Information rights

Shareholders have the right to access documents and information of the company. In addition to the basic documents such as the charter, list of shareholders, meeting minutes and resolutions of the General Meeting of Shareholders, shareholders have the right to access to reports related to the business affairs.

However, some information is only reviewed by shareholders who own required percentage of share:

-Access and extract information on full name and contact address as specified in list of shareholders having voting right and list of shareholders having right to attend General Meeting of Shareholder; request to adjust his/her inaccurate information

-Access, extract and scan charter of company, meeting minutes of General Meeting of Shareholder and its resolution

-Access, extract and copy partial or whole list of involved persons and their contracts, transaction of which the company is other party, interests of Board of Directors, Controllers, Directors or General Directors and other managerial positions of company

-Access and extract minutes and resolutions of Board of Directors, annual or mid-year financial reports, reports of Board of Controllers, contracts and transaction approved by Board of Directors and other documents, excepting for documents related to company’s know-how and trade secrets (applicable to shareholder and group of shareholders who own at least 5% of total number of common shares, the charter may require a smaller percentage)

-Access profit and loss statements, financial reports, governance and management assessment reports; inspection reports of Board of Controllers (applicable to shareholder who own shares at least 1 consecutive year, the charter may require a smaller percentage)

Different to common joint stock company, a public company must announce fully, accurately and promptly the periodic and extraordinary information on business, finance and governance. Other information must be announced if it influences share price and investment decisions of shareholders and investors.

Litigation rights

The Law on Enterprises has provided a mechanism to request the Court or Arbitration to rescind the resolution of the General Meeting of Shareholders or sue the managerial personnels when they fail to fully and properly implement their tasks, including:

The shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 5% of the total number of common shares (charter may require a smaller percentage) is entitled to:

-Request to rescind resolutions of the General Meeting of Shareholders when the orders and procedures of calling the meeting and making resolution of the General Meeting of Shareholders seriously violate the regulations of the Law on Enterprises and company’s charter

-However, the resolution of the General Meeting of Shareholders adopted by 100% of the total number of voting shares is legal and effective even when the orders and procedures of calling the meeting and adopting such resolution violates regulations of the Law on Enterprises and company’s charter.

-Request to rescind resolutions of the General Meeting of Shareholders when its provisions violates the laws or company’s charter

-The shareholder, group of shareholders holding at least 1% of the total number of common shares is entitled to:

-Sue members of Board of Directors, Directors, General Directors separately or jointly under certain circumstances

The Chairperson of Board of Directors or the Director or General Director usually acts as the legal representative of the company, representing the company to perform rights and obligations arising from the company’s transactions, representing the company to take proceedings before the court or arbitrator. However, when their interests conflict with those of the shareholders, shareholders have the right to initiate a lawsuit claiming benefits or compensation. The Law on Enterprise also permits shareholders to sue on behalf of the company when the above managerial personnels commit violations, causing damage directly to the company and indirectly to shareholders.

Not all shareholders have the right to sue for the above managerial personnels, only those who own at least 1% of the total number of common shares. This restriction makes sense with respect of public companies, in order to eliminate unfair competition actions conducted by minority shareholders who is controlled by the rival companies because amount of 1% in public company is not a small number.

Similar to a lawsuit against a manager, shareholder or group of shareholders is also required to own at least 5% of the total number of common shares to request rescission of the resolution of the General Meeting of Shareholders if there is violation on substantive law and procedural law. Accordingly, all resolutions of the General Meeting of Shareholders violating the substantive laws or the company’s charter are rescinded at the request of shareholders, but only serious procedural violations may be rescinded. There is no specific instructions for serious procedural violations at this time, the assessment will depend on personal perspective of the court and arbitrator.

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Granting Investment Registration Certificate in Vietnam

As Vietnam integrates further into the global supply chain, foreigners are more and more encouraged to invest in Vietnam in many areas for pursuing profit. The foreign direct investment of the foreigners is required to be registered at Vietnam state authority to protect the rights of the investor.

According to the Law on Investment 2014, investment projects of foreign investors; projects of setting up a economic organization in which foreign investors holding 51% of charter capital or more or the majority of the general partners are foreigners in a partnership; projects of BCC contract between domestic investors and foreign investors or between domestic investors and economic organization which foreign investors holding 51% of charter capital or more or the majority of the general partners are foreigners shall need to conduct the procedure of applying investment registration certificate as regulations of law.

Preparation of dossier

-A written request for permission for execution of the investment project;

-A copy of the ID card or passport (if the investor is an individual); a copy of the Certificate of establishment or an equivalent paper that certifies the legal status of the investor (if the investor is an organization).

-An investment proposal that specifies: investor(s) in the project, investment objectives, investment scale, investment capital, method of capital rising, location and duration of investment, labor demand, requests for investment incentives, assessment of socio-economic effects of the project;

-Copies of any of the following documents: financial statements of the last two years of the investor; commitment of the parent company to provide financial support; commitment of a financial institutions to provide financial support; guarantee for investor’s financial capacity; description of investor’s financial capacity;

-Demand for land use; if the project does not use land allocated, leased out by the State, or is not permitted by the State to change land purposes, then a copy of the lease agreement or other documents certifying that the investor has the right to use the premises to execute the project shall be submitted;

-Explanation for application of technologies to the project which specifies: names of technologies, origins, technology process diagram, primary specifications, conditions of machinery, equipment and primary technological line;

-The business cooperation contract (BCC) (if the project is executed under a BCC).

Order and Procedure

-Investors submit the dossier at Department of Planning and Investment (or management of economic zones, high-tech zones);

-Within 15 working days from the date of receipt of a complete and valid dossier, the competent authority shall grant the investment registration certificate for investors.

In practice, the time duration would be lengthened due to the time for preparation of documents from investor, getting them notarized, legalized and authenticated before being accepted in Vietnam. The documents in foreign languages shall need to be translated into Vietnamese. The actual time for processing paper at the State authority would also last longer in practice when the State authority evaluate the project plan of the investor to ensure that its investment purpose is achievable economically and in accordance to the regulations of Vietnam. It is advised that the client engage professional law firms in Vietnam to assist with advisory and investment registration process.

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Forms of Company to be Set-up in Vietnam

According the Vietnam Law on Enterprises, there are four common types of companies:

-Private enterprise is an enterprise owned by an individual who is liable for all of its operations with his/her entire property;

-Partnership is an enterprise in which (i) there are at least two partners who are co-owners of the company, jointly conduct business under one common name; in addition to general partners, there may also be limited partners; (ii) general partners to a partnership must be individuals who are liable for all obligations of the partnership with his/her own entire property; (iii) Limited partners shall be liable for debts of the partnership only to the extent of their capital contribution to the partnership;

-Joint stock company is an enterprise where (i) Its charter capital is divided into equal portions known as shares; (ii) Shareholders may be organizations and/or individuals; the minimum number of shareholders shall be three and shall not be restricted to any particular maximum number; (iii) Its shareholders shall be liable for debts and other property liabilities of such enterprise within the limit of the value of their capital contribution to the enterprise; (iv) Shareholders shall be entitled to freely transfer their shares according to the provisions of law;

-Limited liability company (multi-member limited liability company and single-member limited liability company). A one-member limited liability company is an enterprise which is owned by one organization or individual (hereinafter referred to as the company owner); the company owner is liable for debts and other property liabilities of the company within the charter capital of the company. A limited liability company is an enterprise of which: (i) Members may be organizations and/or individuals; the total number of members shall not exceed fifty; (ii) Members are responsible for debts and other property liabilities of the enterprise within the amount of capital that they have committed to contribute to the enterprise; (iii) Capital shares of the members may only be transferred in accordance with the provisions of law.

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Simplifying the Procedure for Foreigner to Reside in Vietnam

For foreigners wishing to come to Vietnam to work and reside temporarily, they need to either set-up a company in Vietnam or work for others. The owner of the company does not need a work permit but still need to apply for temporary residence card.

However, the foreign employee will need the employer to sponsor the work permit in Vietnam before applying for temporary residence card. A recent draft law on entry, exit and residence of foreigner in Vietnam has been proposed with some changes. The draft regulates many open provisions on entry-exit procedure, temporary and permanent residence conditions for foreigner to reside in Vietnam. ANT Lawyers always follows the new updates about administrative procedures in Vietnam to provide our client with the best service.

The new draft law details conditions for granting the temporary residence card for foreigners working in Vietnam, rising term of this card from 3 year to 5 year. The foreigners’ category expands to scientists and specialists residing in Vietnam for the purpose of attracting international talents, the foreigners who don’t have any type of document proving nationality, and have resided in Vietnam before the year 2000. The foreigners holding temporary residence card must change card per periodically 10 years at the issuing offices. The draft law does not allow the foreigners to change the entry purpose, but allows them to supplement the purpose of belonging persons in some specific cases such as in term of diplomatic representative offices, consulate, international representative office of United Nations and students at universities, colleges, schools.

For more information or requirement of legal services to obtain temporary residence card in Vietnam, we could assist.

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